Len Shackleton is Professor of Economics at the University of Buckingham and Research and Editorial Fellow at the Institute of Economic Affairs. He was previously Dean of the Royal Docks Business School at the University of East London and prior to that was Dean of the Westminster Business School. He has also taught at Queen Mary, University of London and worked as an economist in the Civil Service. For many years he chaired theĀ A level economics board of Edexcel and its predecessors, and he frequently talks at schools and colleges. Len's research interests are primarily in the economics of labour markets and he has written or edited ten books and a large number of journal articles and discussion papers. He has worked with many think tanks. Len writes regularly for newspapers and websites and has appeared many times on TV, radio and podcasts. He edits the journal Economic Affairs, which is co-published by the IEA and the University of Buckingham.